Antonio Gramsci

Antonio Francesco Gramsci was an Italian Marxist philosopher, linguist, and political theorist imprisoned by Mussolini's fascist regime from 1926 until his death in 1937.

During his incarceration, he wrote over 3,000 pages of analysis covering history, philosophy, and politics.

His Prison Notebooks are considered a major contribution to 20th-century political theory.

Gramsci is best known for his concept of cultural hegemony, which explains how ruling classes maintain power through ideology and cultural institutions rather than force.

He sought to move beyond economic determinism in Marxist thought, emphasizing the role of culture and civil society in social change.